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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 13, 2015
Registration No. 333-            

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

ARDELYX, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 
 	 	 	 	 	
Delaware	 	34175 Ardenwood Blvd., Suite 200
Fremont, CA 94555
(510) 745-1700	 	26-1303944	
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)	 	(Address of Principal Executive
Offices including Zip Code)	 	(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)	
Michael Raab
President and Chief Executive Officer
Ardelyx, Inc.
34175 Ardenwood Blvd., Suite 200
Fremont, CA 94555
(510) 745-1700 (Name, address, including ZIP code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Alan C. Mendelson, Esq.
Mark V. Roeder, Esq.
Latham & Watkins LLP
140 Scott Drive
Menlo Park, CA 94025
(650) 328-4600	 	Elizabeth Grammer, Esq.
Vice President, General Counsel
Ardelyx, Inc.
34175 Ardenwood Blvd., Suite 200
Fremont, CA 94555
(510) 745-1700	

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.   ¨
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.   x
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.   ¨
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	 	¨	  	Accelerated filer	 	¨	
 	 	 	 	
Non-accelerated filer	 	x  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	  	Smaller reporting company	 	¨	

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 	
Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered	 	Amount to be
Registered (1)	 	Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering
Price (2)	 	Amount of
Registration
Fee	
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	 	7,242,992 shares	 	$115,887,872.00	 	$13,466.18	
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share, issuable upon the exercise of warrants	 	2,172,899 shares	 	$34,766,384.00	 	$4,039.86	
Total	 	9,415,891 shares	 	$150,654,256.00	 	$17,506.04	

(1)	Pursuant to Rule 416(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement also covers such additional shares as may hereafter be offered or issued to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations or certain other capital adjustments.	
(2)	Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The price per share and aggregate offering price are based on the average of the high and low prices of the registrant’s common stock on July 6, 2015, as reported on The NASDAQ Global Market.	
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

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The information contained in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The selling stockholders named in this prospectus may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
 
Subject to Completion, Dated July 13, 2015
PROSPECTUS

9,415,891 Shares of Common Stock

This prospectus relates to the proposed resale or other disposition of up to 9,415,891 shares of Ardelyx, Inc. common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, by the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus. Of these shares, 7,242,992 shares are outstanding shares of common stock held by the selling stockholders and 2,172,899 shares are shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants held by the selling stockholders. We are not selling any shares of common stock under this prospectus and will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale or other disposition of common stock by the selling stockholders. We will, however, receive the net proceeds of any warrants exercised for cash.
The selling stockholders or their pledgees, assignees or successors-in-interest may offer and sell or otherwise dispose of the shares of common stock described in this prospectus from time to time through public or private transactions at prevailing market prices, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at privately negotiated prices. The selling stockholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any, attributable to the sales of shares. We will bear all other costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of the shares. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 9 for more information about how the selling stockholders may sell or dispose of their shares of common stock.
Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “ARDX”. On July 9, 2015, the last reported sale price for our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Market was $16.46 per share.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, please read the information under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 2 of this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is                 , 2015.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 	  	Page	 	
 	 	
About the Company	  	 	1	  	
 	 	
Risk Factors	  	 	2	  	
 	 	
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	  	 	3	  	
 	 	
Use of Proceeds	  	 	5	  	
 	 	
Selling Stockholders	  	 	6	  	
 	 	
Plan of distribution	  	 	9	  	
 	 	
Validity of the Securities	  	 	11	  	
 	 	
Experts	  	 	11	  	
 	 	
Where You Can Find More Information	  	 	11	  	
 	 	
Incorporation By Reference	  	 	12	  	
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is a part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, certain selling stockholders may from time to time sell the shares of common stock described in this prospectus in one or more offerings.
We have not authorized anyone to give any information or to make any representation other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You must not rely upon any information or representation not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The selling stockholders are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any shares other than the registered shares to which they relate, nor does this prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy shares in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front of the document or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus is delivered or shares are sold on a later date.

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ABOUT THE COMPANY
We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of innovative, minimally-systemic therapeutic drugs that work exclusively in the gastrointestinal, or GI, tract to treat cardio-renal, GI and metabolic diseases. We have developed a proprietary drug discovery and design platform enabling us, in a rapid and cost-efficient manner, to discover and design novel drug candidates.
We were founded in October 2007 as a Delaware corporation under the name Nteryx, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 34175 Ardenwood Blvd., Suite 200, Fremont, CA 94555, and our telephone number is (510) 745-1700. Our website address is www.ardelyx.com. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only. References in this prospectus to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company” or “Ardelyx” refer to Ardelyx, Inc.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering of common stock (December 31, 2019), (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.0 billion, (3) the last day of the fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30 th , and (4) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period.

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RISK FACTORS
Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus involves risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated by reference to our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K we file after the date of this prospectus, and all other information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the risk factors and other information contained in the applicable prospectus supplement before acquiring any of such securities. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities.
 
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, and any free writing prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, contain forward-looking statements concerning our business, operations and financial performance and condition, as well as our plans, objectives and expectations for our business operations and financial performance and condition. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “due,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “plan,” “predict,” “potential,” “positioned,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “will,” “would,” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
 
 	•	 	the timing of the initiation of a Phase 3 clinical program for tenapanor in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and the timing of the initiation of a Phase 2b clinical trial evaluating tenapanor for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis;	
 
 	•	 	the timing of the initiation of a Phase 1 pharmacodynamic clinical trial evaluating RDX022 in healthy adults and the timing of the initiation of a Phase 3 clinical program for RDX022;	
 
 	•	 	our expectation regarding the availability of the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway for RDX022;	
 
 	•	 	our expectations regarding our plans for and our participation in the commercialization of our products candidates;	
 
 	•	 	our expectations regarding the potential market size and the size of the patient populations for our product candidates, if approved for commercial use;	
 
 	•	 	our plans with respect to our NaP2b inhibitor program, as well as our RDX009 and RDX013 programs;	
 
 	•	 	the likelihood and potential for Sanofi to exercise its option to exclusively license our NaP2b inhibitor program;	
 
 	•	 	our ability to identify and validate targets and novel drug candidates using our proprietary drug discovery and design platform including the Ardelyx Primary Enterocyte and Colonocyte Culture System;	
 
 	•	 	our ability to develop, acquire and advance product candidates into, and successfully complete, clinical trials;	
 
 	•	 	the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings, approvals and commercialization for our product candidates, including tenapanor and RDX022;	
 
 	•	 	the implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our business, product candidates and technology;	
 
 	•	 	estimates of our expenses, future revenue, capital requirements, our needs for additional financing and our ability to obtain additional capital;	
 
 	•	 	our expectations regarding the time during which we will be an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act;	
 
 	•	 	our use of proceeds from this offering;	
 
 	•	 	our financial performance; and	
 
 	•	 	developments and projections relating to our competitors and our industry.	
 
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You should read this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein completely and with the understanding that our actual results may differ materially from what we expect as expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements. In light of the significant risks and uncertainties to which our forward-looking statements are subject, you should not place undue reliance on or regard these statements as a representation or warranty by us or any other person that we will achieve our objectives and plans in any specified timeframe, or at all. We discuss many of these risks in greater detail in the documents incorporated by reference herein, including under the heading “Risk Factors.” These forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this prospectus regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of our common stock and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this prospectus. For all forward-looking statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
 
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock in this offering. The selling stockholders will receive all of the proceeds from this offering.
A portion of the shares covered by this prospectus are issuable upon exercise of warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. Pursuant to conditions set forth in the warrants, the warrants are exercisable under certain circumstances on a cashless basis, and should a selling stockholder elect to exercise on a cashless basis we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock issued upon the cashless exercise of the warrant. Upon any exercise for cash of the warrants, the selling stockholders will pay us the exercise price of the warrants of $13.91 per share. If the selling stockholders exercise, on a cash basis, all of the warrants underlying the shares being registered, we would receive gross proceeds of approximately $30.2 million. We intend to use such proceeds, if any, for general corporate purposes, including working capital. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances, including subdivisions and stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, reorganizations, reclassifications, consolidations, mergers or sales of properties and assets and upon the issuance of certain assets or securities to holders of our common stock, as applicable.
The selling stockholders will pay any underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses incurred by the selling stockholders for brokerage, accounting, tax or legal services or any other expenses incurred by the selling stockholders in disposing of the shares. We will bear all other costs, fees and expenses incurred in effecting the registration of the shares covered by this prospectus, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, fees and expenses of our counsel, certain expenses of counsel to the selling stockholders and our independent registered public accountants.
 
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SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
On June 2, 2015, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the selling stockholders, pursuant to which we sold in a private placement transaction an aggregate of 7,242,992 shares of our common stock and issued warrants to purchase up to 2,172,899 shares of our common stock. This prospectus covers the sale or other disposition by the selling stockholders or their transferees of up to the total number of shares of common stock issued to the selling stockholders pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement plus the total number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants issued to those selling stockholders pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement. Throughout this prospectus, when we refer to the shares of our common stock being registered on behalf of the selling stockholders, we are referring to the shares and the shares underlying the warrants issued to the selling stockholders under the Securities Purchase Agreement, and when we refer to the selling stockholders in this prospectus, we are referring to the purchasers under the Securities Purchase Agreement.
The warrants issued to the purchasers in the private placement became exercisable on June 5, 2015 at an exercise price of $13.91 per share and will expire five years from the date of issuance. Pursuant to conditions set forth in the warrants, the warrants are exercisable under certain circumstances on a cashless basis. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances, including subdivisions and stock splits, stock dividends, combinations, reorganizations, reclassifications, consolidations, mergers or sales of properties and assets and upon the issuance of certain assets or securities to holders of our common stock, as applicable.
We are registering the above-referenced shares to permit each of the selling stockholders and their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors-in-interest that receive their shares after the date of this prospectus to resell or otherwise dispose of the shares in the manner contemplated under “Plan of Distribution” below.
Except as otherwise disclosed in the footnotes below with respect to any other selling stockholder, none of the selling stockholders has, or within the past three years has had, any position, office or other material relationship with us.
The following table sets forth the name of each selling stockholder, the number of shares owned by each of the respective selling stockholders, the number of shares that may be offered under this prospectus and the number of shares of our common stock owned by the selling stockholders assuming all of the shares covered hereby are sold. The number of shares in the column “Number of Shares Being Offered” represents all of the shares that a selling stockholder may offer under this prospectus, and assumes the cash exercise of all the warrants for common stock. The selling stockholders may sell some, all or none of their shares. We do not know how long the selling stockholders will hold the shares before selling them, and we currently have no agreements, arrangements or understandings with the selling stockholders regarding the sale or other disposition of any of the shares. The shares covered hereby may be offered from time to time by the selling stockholders.
The information set forth below is based upon information obtained from the selling stockholders and upon information in our possession regarding the issuance of shares of common stock to the selling stockholders in connection with the private placement transaction. The percentages of shares owned after the offering are based on 25,911,537 shares of our common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2015, including the shares of common stock covered hereby.

Name of Selling Stockholder	  	Shares of
Common
Stock
Beneficially
Owned Prior
to Offering (1)	 	  	Number of Shares
Being Offered	 	  	Shares of Common
Stock Beneficially
Owned After
Offering (3)	 	 	
 	  	 	 	  	Shares	 	  	Warrant
Shares (2)	 	  	Number	 	  	Percent	 	 	 	 	 	
Entities Associated with New Enterprise Associates (4)	  	 	11,695,966	  	  	 	4,672,897	  	  	 	1,401,870	  	  	 	5,621,199	  	  	 	21.7	  	 	 	 	 	
Entities Associated with RA Capital Management, LLC (5)	  	 	1,888,170	  	  	 	560,748	  	  	 	168,225	  	  	 	1,159,197	  	  	 	4.5	  	 	 	 	 	
Cormorant Global Healthcare Master Fund, LP (6)	  	 	1,621,262	  	  	 	467,290	  	  	 	140,187	  	  	 	1,013,785	  	  	 	3.9	  	 	 	 	 	
Foresite Capital Fund II, LP(7)	  	 	607,477	  	  	 	467,290	  	  	 	140,187	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	 	 	
Broadfin Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd.(8)	  	 	607,477	  	  	 	467,290	  	  	 	140,187	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	 	 	
Rock Springs Capital Master Fund LP(9)	  	 	607,477	  	  	 	467,290	  	  	 	140,187	  	  	 	—  	  	  	 	—  	  	 	 	 	 	
Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd.(10)	  	 	264,195	  	  	 	93,458	  	  	 	28,037	  	  	 	142,700	  	  	 	*	  	 	 	 	 	
Peter Schultz, Ph.D.(11)	  	 	926,858	  	  	 	46,729	  	  	 	14,019	  	  	 	866,110	  	  	 	3.3	  	 	 	 	 	
 
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*	Less than one percent of our outstanding shares of common stock.	
(1)	“Beneficial ownership” is a term broadly defined by the SEC in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, and includes more than the typical form of stock ownership, that is, stock held in the person’s name. The term also includes what is referred to as “indirect ownership,” meaning ownership of shares as to which a person has or shares investment power. For purposes of this table, a person or group of persons is deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of any shares that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of June 30, 2015.	
(2)	Assumes the exercise for cash of all warrants to purchase common stock offered in this prospectus held by the selling stockholders.	
(3)	Assumes that all shares being registered in this prospectus are resold to third parties and that with respect to a particular selling stockholder, such selling stockholder sells all shares of common stock registered under this prospectus held by such selling stockholder.	
(4)	Includes (i) 7,488,893 shares of common stock held by New Enterprise Associates 12, Limited Partnership (“NEA 12”), (ii) 560,748 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by NEA 12, (iii) 1,401,869 shares of common stock held by New Enterprise Associates 15, L.P. (“NEA 15”), (iv) 420,561 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by NEA 15, (v) 1,401,869 shares of common stock held by NEA 15 Opportunity Fund, L.P. (“NEA 15-OF”), and (vi) 420,561 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by NEA 15-OF. NEA 12 GP LLC (“NEA 12 LLC”) is the sole general partner of NEA Partners 12, Limited Partnership (“NEA Partners 12”), and NEA Partners 12 is the sole general partner of NEA 12. M. James Barrett, Peter J. Barris (“Barris”) Forest Baskett (“Baskett”), Ryan D. Drant, Patrick J. Kerins, Krishna S. Kolluri (“Kolluri”), and Scott D. Sandell (“Sandell”) (together, the “NEA 12 Managers”) are the managers of NEA 12 LLC. NEA 12, NEA 12 LLC, NEA Partners 12 and the NEA 12 Managers share voting and dispositive power with regard to the shares owned directly by NEA 12. NEA Partners 12, NEA 12 LLC and each of the NEA 12 Managers disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by NEA 12, except to the extent of any respective pecuniary interest therein. NEA Partners 15, L.P. (“NEA Partners 15”) is the sole general partner of NEA 15 and NEA Partners 15-OF, L.P. (“NEA Partners 15-OF”) is the sole general partner of NEA 15-OF. NEA 15 GP, LLC (“NEA 15 LLC”) is the sole general partner of NEA Partners 15 and NEA Partners 15-OF. Barris, Baskett, Kolluri, Sandell, Anthony A. Florence, Jr., Joshua Makower, David M. Mott, Jon M. Sakoda, Peter W. Sonsini, Ravi Viswanathan and Harry R. Weller (together, the “NEA 15 Managers”) are managers of NEA 15 LLC. NEA 15, NEA Partners 15, NEA 15 LLC, and the NEA 15 Managers share voting and dispositive power with regard to the shares owned directly by NEA 15. Mr. Mott has served on our board of directors since March 2009 and as chairman of our board of directors since March 2014. NEA Partners 15, NEA 15 LLC, and each of the NEA 15 Managers disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by NEA 15, except to the extent of any respective pecuniary interest therein. NEA 15-OF, NEA Partners 15-OF, NEA 15 LLC, and the NEA 15 Managers share voting and dispositive power with regard to the shares owned directly by NEA 15-OF. NEA Partners 15-OF, NEA 15 LLC, and each of the NEA 15 Managers disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by NEA 15-OF, except to the extent of any respective pecuniary interest therein. Also includes 1,465 shares held by NEA Ventures 2008, L.P. (“Ven 2008”), which shares are held indirectly by Karen P. Welsh, the general partner of Ven 2008. Ms. Welsh disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Ven 2008, except to the extent of her pecuniary interest in such shares. The address of NEA 12, NEA 15, NEA 15-OF and Ven 2008 is New Enterprise Associates, 1954 Greenspring Drive, Suite 600, Timonium, MD 21093.	
(5)	Consists of (i) 1,415,786 shares of common stock directly owned by RA Capital Healthcare Fund, L.P., (ii) 137,944 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by RA Capital Healthcare Fund, L.P., (iii) 304,159 shares of common stock directly owned by Blackwell Partners, LLC –	
 
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 	Series A and (iv) 30,281 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by Blackwell Partners, LLC – Series A. Peter Kolchinsky, as manager of RA Capital Management, LLC, which is the general partner of RA Capital Healthcare Fund, LP and the investment advisor of Blackwell Partners, LLC – Series A, has voting and investment power over the shares held by Blackwell Partners, LLC – Series A and RA Capital Healthcare Fund, L.P. Mr. Kolchinsky disclaims beneficial ownership over all shares held by Blackwell Partners, LLC – Series A and RA Capital Healthcare Fund, LP, except to the extent of any pecuniary interest in such shares. The notice address for Blackwell Partners, LLC – Series A and RA Capital Healthcare Fund, L.P. is 20 Park Plaza, Suite 1200, Boston, MA 02116.	
(6)	Consists of (i) 1,481,075 shares of common stock directly owned by Cormorant Global Healthcare Master Fund, LP (“CGHMF”) and (ii) 140,187 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by CGHMF. Cormorant Global Healthcare GP, LLC is the general partner of CGHMF. Cormorant Asset Management, LLC serves as the investment manager of Cormorant Global Healthcare GP, LLC. Bihua Chen serves as the managing member of CGHMF and Cormorant Global Healthcare GP, LLC. The address of CGHMF is 200 Clarendon Street, 52nd Floor, Boston, MA 02116.	
(7)	Consists of (i) 467,290 shares of common stock directly owned by Foresite Capital Fund II, LP (“FCF II”) and (ii) 140,187 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by FCF II. Foresite Capital Management II, LLC (“FCM II”) is the general partner of FCF II and James B. Tananbaum is the managing member of FCM II. The address for FCF II is 101 California Street, Suite 4100, San Francisco, 94111.	
(8)	Consists of (i) 467,290 shares of common stock directly owned by Broadfin Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. (“BHMF”) and (ii) 140,187 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by BHMF. Broadfin Capital, LLC is the investment manager of BHMF and Kevin Kotler is the managing member of Broadfin Capital, LLC. The address of BHMF is 300 Park Avenue, 25th Floor, New York, NY.	
(9)	Consists of (i) 467,290 shares of common stock directly owned by Rock Springs Capital Master Fund LP (“RSCMF”) and (ii) 140,187 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by RSCMF. Rock Springs GP LLC is the general partner of RSCMF and Graham McPhail is the managing director of Rock Springs GP LLC. The address of RSCMF is 650 S. Exeter St., Suite 1070, Baltimore, MD 21202.	
(10)	Consists of (i) 236,158 shares of common stock directly owned by Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd. (“SHMF”) and (ii) 28,037 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by SHMF. Hal Mintz has voting and investment power over the shares held by SHMF. Sabby Management, LLC serves as the investment manager of SHMF, Mr. Mintz is the manager of Sabby Management, LLC and each of Sabby Management, LLC and Mr. Mintz disclaim beneficial ownership over these shares except to the extent of any pecuniary interest therein. The address of SHMF is 10 Mountainview Road, Suite 205, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.	
(11)	Consists of (i) 910,339 shares of common stock directly owned by Dr. Schultz, (ii) 14,019 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a warrant held by Dr. Schultz and (iii) 2,500 shares of common stock that may be acquired upon exercise of a stock option within 60 days of June 30, 2015. Dr. Schultz co-founded the Company and has served on our board of directors since April 2010. The address of Dr. Schultz is 1650 La Jolla Rancho Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037.	
 
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The selling stockholders and any of their pledgees, donees, transferees, assignees or other successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any or all of their shares of common stock or interests in shares of common stock on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These dispositions may be at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market price, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. The selling stockholders may use one or more of the following methods when disposing of the shares or interests therein:
 
 	•	 	ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;	
 
 	•	 	block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;	
 
 	•	 	through brokers, dealers or underwriters that may act solely as agents;	
 
 	•	 	purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;	
 
 	•	 	an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;	
 
 	•	 	privately negotiated transactions;	
 
 	•	 	through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions entered into after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;	
 
 	•	 	broker-dealers may agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;	
 
 	•	 	a combination of any such methods of disposition; and	
 
 	•	 	any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.	
The selling stockholders may also sell shares under Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.
Broker-dealers engaged by the selling stockholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling stockholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated. The selling stockholders do not expect these commissions and discounts to exceed what is customary in the types of transactions involved.
The selling stockholders may from time to time pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the shares of common stock owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell shares of common stock from time to time under this prospectus, or under a supplement or amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act amending the list of selling stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under this prospectus.
Upon being notified in writing by a selling stockholder that any material arrangement has been entered into with a broker-dealer for the sale of common stock through a block trade, special offering, exchange distribution or secondary distribution or a purchase by a broker or dealer, a supplement to this prospectus, if required, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act will be filed, disclosing (i) the name of each such selling stockholder and of the participating broker-dealer(s), (ii) the number of shares involved, (iii) the price at which such shares of common stock were sold, (iv) the commissions paid or discounts or concessions allowed to such broker-dealer(s), where applicable, (v) that such broker-dealer(s) did not conduct any investigation to verify the information set out or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and (vi) other facts material to the transaction. In addition, upon being notified in writing by a selling stockholder that a donee or pledge intends to sell more than 500 shares of common stock, we will file a supplement to this prospectus if then required in accordance with applicable securities law.
 
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The selling stockholders also may transfer the shares of common stock in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.
In connection with the sale of the shares of common stock or interests in shares of common stock, the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the common stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling stockholders may also sell shares of common stock short after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The selling stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).
The selling stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the shares may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. The maximum commission or discount to be received by any member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) or independent broker-dealer will not be greater than 8% of the initial gross proceeds from the sale of any security being sold.
We have advised the selling stockholders that they are required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Exchange Act during such time as they may be engaged in a distribution of the shares. The foregoing may affect the marketability of the common stock.
The aggregate proceeds to the selling securityholders from the sale of the common stock offered by them will be the purchase price of the common stock less discounts or commissions, if any. Each of the selling securityholders reserves the right to accept and, together with their agents from time to time, to reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of common stock to be made directly or through agents. We will not receive any of the proceeds from this offering.
We are required to pay all fees and expenses incident to the registration of the shares. We have agreed to indemnify the selling stockholders against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act or otherwise.
We have agreed with the selling stockholders to keep the registration statement of which this prospectus constitutes a part effective until the earlier of (a) June 5, 2018 or (b) such time as all of the shares covered by this prospectus (i) have been sold pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act or (ii) become eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions and without current public information pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act.
 
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VALIDITY OF THE SECURITIES
The validity of the common stock being offered by this prospectus has been passed upon for us by Latham & Watkins LLP, Menlo Park, California.
EXPERTS
Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as set forth in their report, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement. Our financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP’s report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy these reports, proxy statements and other information at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the Public Reference Room. You can request copies of these documents by writing to the SEC and paying a fee for the copying costs. Our SEC filings are also available at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, we maintain a website that contains information about us at http://www.ardelyx.com. The information found on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC. The registration statement contains more information than this prospectus regarding us and our common stock, including certain exhibits and schedules. With respect to the statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any agreement or any other document, in each instance, the statement is qualified in all respects by the complete text of the agreement or document, a copy of which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. You can obtain a copy of the registration statement from the SEC at the address listed above or from the SEC’s website.
 
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INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with them which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents instead of having to repeat the information in this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future information filed (rather than furnished) with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act between the date of this prospectus and the termination of this offering, provided, however, that we are not incorporating any information furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of any current report on Form 8-K:
 
 	•	 	Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014, filed with the SEC on March 5, 2015, as amended by Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on March 11, 2015 (File No. 001-36485);	
 
 	•	 	The information specifically incorporated by reference into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 from our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on April 24, 2015 (File No. 001-36485);	
 
 	•	 	Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on May 12, 2015 (File No. 001-36485);	
 
 	•	 	Our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 20, 2015, June 3, 2015 and June 12, 2015 (File No. 001-36485); and	
 
 	•	 	The description of our common stock contained in the our registration statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-36485), filed with the SEC under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act on June 9, 2014, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.	
These documents may also be accessed on our website at www.ardelyx.com. Except as otherwise specifically incorporated by reference in this prospectus, information contained in, or accessible through, our website is not a part of this prospectus.
We will furnish without charge to you, upon written or oral request, a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these documents by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
Ardelyx, Inc.
34175 Ardenwood Blvd., Suite 200
Fremont, CA 94555
(510) 745-1700
Attention: General Counsel
 
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
 
Item 14.	Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.	
The following is an estimate of the expenses (all of which are to be paid by the registrant) that we may incur in connection with the securities being registered hereby, other than the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee.

SEC registration fee	 	$	 17,506	  	
Legal fees and expenses	 	 	70,000	  	
Accounting fees and expenses	 	 	17,500	  	
Printing and miscellaneous expenses	 	 	10,000	  	
 	  	 	 	 	
Total	 	$	 115,006	  	

Item 15.	Indemnification of Directors and Officers.	
As permitted by Section 102 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, we have adopted provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws that limit or eliminate the personal liability of our directors for a breach of their fiduciary duties of care as directors. The duty of care generally requires that, when acting on behalf of the corporation, directors exercise an informed business judgment based on all material information reasonably available to them. Consequently, a director will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability for:
 
 	•	 	any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;	
 
 	•	 	any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;	
 
 	•	 	any act related to unlawful stock repurchases, redemptions or other distributions or payment of dividends; or	
 
 	•	 	any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.	
These limitations of liability do not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also authorizes us to indemnify our officers, directors and other agents to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law.
As permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated bylaws provide that:
 
 	•	 	we may indemnify our directors, officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, subject to limited exceptions;	
 
 	•	 	we may advance expenses to our directors, officers and employees in connection with a legal proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, subject to limited exceptions; and	
 
 	•	 	the rights provided in our amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive.	
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws provide for the indemnification provisions described above and elsewhere herein. We have also entered into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and officers which may be broader than the specific indemnification provisions contained in the Delaware General Corporation Law. These indemnification agreements generally require us, among other things, to indemnify our officers and directors against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers, other than liabilities arising from willful misconduct. These indemnification agreements also generally require us to advance any expenses incurred by the directors or officers as a result of any
 
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proceeding against them as to which they could be indemnified. In addition, we have purchased a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures our directors and officers against the cost of defense, settlement or payment of a judgment in some circumstances. These indemnification provisions and the indemnification agreements may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of our officers and directors for liabilities, including reimbursement of expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.
 
Item 16.	Exhibits.	
 
(a)	Exhibits	
A list of exhibits filed with this registration statement on Form S-3 is set forth on the Exhibit Index and is incorporated herein by reference.
 
Item 17.	Undertakings.	
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are incorporated by reference in this registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after
 
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effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial  bona fide  offering thereof.
(h) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Fremont, California, on the 13 th  day on July, 2015.

Ardelyx, Inc.	
 	 	
By:	 	/s/ Michael Raab	
Name:	 	Michael Raab	
Title:	 	President and Chief Executive Officer	
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Michael Raab and Mark Kaufmann, or either of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to file and sign any and all amendments, including post-effective amendments and any registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective under Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act, to this registration statement, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This power of attorney shall be governed by and construed with the laws of the State of Delaware and applicable federal securities laws.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	  	Title	  	Date	 	
 	 	 	 	
/s/ Michael Raab	  	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(principal executive officer)	  	July 13, 2015	 	
Michael Raab	  	 	  	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Mark Kaufmann	  	Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer)	  	July 13, 2015	 	 	
Mark Kaufmann	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Narani Arasaratnam	  	Vice President, Corporate Controller
(principal accounting officer)	  	July 13, 2015	 	 	 	
Narani Arasaratnam	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ David Mott	  	Chairman of the Board of Directors	  	July 13, 2015	 	 	 	 	
David Mott	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Gordon Ringold	  	Director	  	July 13, 2015	 	 	 	 	 	
Gordon Ringold, Ph.D.	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Richard J. Rodgers	  	Director	  	July 13, 2015	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Richard J. Rodgers	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Peter G. Schultz	  	Director	  	July 13, 2015	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Peter G. Schultz, Ph.D.	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
/s/ Annalisa Jenkins	  	Director	  	July 13, 2015	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Annalisa Jenkins, MBBS, MRCP	  	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 
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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number	  	Exhibit Description	  	Incorporated by Reference to Filings Indicated	 	  	Provided
Herewith	 	 	
 	  	 	  	Form	 	  	File No.	 	  	Exhibit No.	 	  	Filing Date	 	  	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
  3.1	  	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.	  	 	8-K	  	  	 	001-36485	  	  	 	3.1	  	  	 	6/24/2014	  	  	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
  3.2	  	Amended and Restated Bylaws.	  	 	8-K	  	  	 	001-36485	  	  	 	3.2	  	  	 	6/24/2014	  	  	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
  4.1	  	Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 through 3.2.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
  4.2	  	Form of Common Stock Certificate.	  	 	S-1/A	  	  	 	333-196090	  	  	 	4.2	  	  	 	6/18/2014	  	  	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
  4.3	  	Form of Warrant issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement by and among Ardelyx, Inc. and the purchasers named therein, dated June 2, 2015.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	X	  	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
  5.1	  	Opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	X	  	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
23.1	  	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	X	  	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
23.2	  	Consent of Latham & Watkins LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	X	  	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
24.1	  	Powers of Attorney (incorporated by reference to the signature page hereto).	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	X	  	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
99.1	  	Registration Rights Agreement by and among Ardelyx, Inc. and the investors signatory thereto, dated June 2, 2015.	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	 	 	  	 	X	  	 	 	

Exhibit 4.3
THIS WARRANT AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON THE EXERCISE HEREOF HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED. THEY MAY NOT BE SOLD, OFFERED FOR SALE, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SUCH ACT OR UNLESS SOLD IN ACCORDANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER SUCH ACT.

WARRANT NO. 2015-            	 	 	 	NUMBER OF SHARES:            	
DATE OF ISSUANCE: June 5, 2015	 	 	 	(subject to adjustment hereunder)	
EXPIRATION DATE: June 5, 2020	 	 	 	 	
WARRANT TO PURCHASE SHARES
OF COMMON STOCK OF
ARDELYX, INC.
This Warrant is issued to                     , or its registered assigns (including any successors or assigns, the “ Purchaser ”), pursuant to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2015, among Ardelyx, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), the Purchaser and certain other purchasers thereunder (the “ Purchase Agreement ”) and is subject to the terms and conditions of the Purchase Agreement.
1. EXERCISE OF WARRANT.
(a) Number and Exercise Price of Warrant Shares; Expiration Date. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Purchaser is entitled to purchase from the Company up to             shares of the Company’s Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “ Common Stock ”) (as adjusted from time to time pursuant to the provisions of this Warrant) (the “ Warrant Shares ”), at a purchase price of $13.91 per share (the “ Exercise Price ”), on or before 5:00 p.m. New York City time on June 5, 2020 (the “ Expiration Date ”) (subject to earlier termination of this Warrant as set forth herein).
(b) Method of Exercise. While this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable in accordance with Section 1(a) above, the Purchaser may exercise this Warrant by surrendering this Warrant at the principal office of the Company and paying the Exercise Price by either:
(1) wire transfer to the Company or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank made payable to the order of the Company, or
(2) exercising of the right to credit the Exercise Price against the Fair Market Value of the Warrant Shares (as defined below) at the time of exercise (the “ Net Exercise ”) pursuant to Section 1(c).

(c) Net Exercise. If the Company shall receive written notice from the Purchaser at the time of exercise of this Warrant that the holder elects to Net Exercise the Warrant, the Company shall deliver to such Purchaser (without payment by the Purchaser of any exercise price in cash) that number of Warrant Shares computed using the following formula:

 	 	 	 	 	 	X=	 	Y (A - B)	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	      A	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Where

X	 	=	 	The number of Warrant Shares to be issued to the Purchaser.	
 	 	 	
Y	 	=	 	The number of Warrant Shares purchasable under this Warrant or, if only a portion of the Warrant is being exercised, the portion of the Warrant being cancelled (at the date of such calculation).	
 	 	 	
A	 	=	 	The Fair Market Value of one (1) share of Common Stock (at the date of such calculation).	
 	 	 	
B	 	=	 	The Exercise Price (as adjusted to the date of such calculations).	
The “Fair Market Value” of one share of Common Stock shall mean (x) the last reported sale price and, if there are no sales, the last reported bid price, of the Common Stock on the business day prior to the date of exercise on the NASDAQ Global Market as reported by Bloomberg Financial Markets (or a comparable reporting service of national reputation selected by the Company and reasonably acceptable to the holder if Bloomberg Financial Markets is not then reporting sales prices of the Common Stock) (collectively, “ Bloomberg ”) or (y) or if the foregoing does not apply, the last sales price of the Common Stock in the over-the-counter market on the pink sheets or bulletin board for such security as reported by Bloomberg, and, if there are no sales, the last reported bid price of the Common Stock as reported by Bloomberg or, if fair market value cannot be calculated as of such date on either of the foregoing bases, the price determined in good faith by the Company’s Board of Directors.
(d) Deemed Exercise. In the event that immediately prior to the close of business on the Expiration Date, the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock (as determined in accordance with Section 1(c) above) is greater than the then applicable Exercise Price, this Warrant shall be deemed to be automatically exercised on a net exercise issue basis pursuant to Section 1(c) above, and the Company shall deliver the applicable number of shares of Common Stock to the Holder pursuant to the provisions of Section 1(c) above and this Section 1(d).
2. CERTAIN ADJUSTMENTS.
(a) Adjustment of Number of Warrant Shares and Exercise Price. The number and kind of Warrant Shares purchasable upon exercise of this Warrant and the Exercise Price shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as follows:
(1) Subdivisions, Combinations and Other Issuances. If the Company shall at any time after the Date of Issuance but prior to the Expiration Date subdivide its shares of
 
2

capital stock of the same class as the Warrant Shares, by split-up or otherwise, or combine such shares of capital stock, or issue additional shares of capital stock as a dividend with respect to any shares of such capital stock, the number of Warrant Shares issuable on the exercise of this Warrant shall forthwith be proportionately increased in the case of a subdivision or stock dividend, or proportionately decreased in the case of a combination. Appropriate adjustments shall also be made to the Exercise Price payable per share, but the aggregate Exercise Price payable for the total number of Warrant Shares purchasable under this Warrant (as adjusted) shall remain the same. Any adjustment under this Section 2(a)(1) shall become effective at the close of business on the date the subdivision or combination becomes effective, or as of the record date of such dividend, or in the event that no record date is fixed, upon the making of such dividend.
(2) Reorganizations or Mergers. In case of any reclassification, capital reorganization or change in the capital stock of the Company (other than as a result of a subdivision, combination or stock dividend provided for in Section 2(a)(1) above) that occurs after the Date of Issuance, then, as a condition of such reclassification, reorganization or change, lawful provision shall be made, and duly executed documents evidencing the same from the Company or its successor shall be delivered to the Purchaser, so that the Purchaser shall thereafter have the right at any time prior to the expiration of this Warrant to purchase, at a total price equal to that payable upon the exercise of this Warrant, the kind and amount of shares of stock and/or other securities or property (including, if applicable, cash) receivable in connection with such reclassification, reorganization or change by a holder of the same number and type of securities as were purchasable as Warrant Shares by the Purchasers immediately prior to such reclassification, reorganization or change. In any such case appropriate provisions shall be made with respect to the rights and interest of the Purchaser so that the provisions hereof shall thereafter be applicable with respect to any shares of stock or other securities or property deliverable upon exercise hereof, and appropriate adjustments shall be made to the Exercise Price payable hereunder, provided the aggregate Exercise Price shall remain the same (and, for the avoidance of doubt, this Warrant shall be exclusively exercisable for such shares of stock and/or other securities or property from and after the consummation of such reclassification or other change in the capital stock of the Company).
(b) Notice to Holder. If, while this Warrant is outstanding, the Company (i) declares a dividend or any other distribution of cash, securities or other property in respect of its Common Stock, including, without limitation, any granting of rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any capital stock of the Company or any subsidiary, (ii) authorizes or approves, enters into any agreement contemplating or solicits stockholder approval for any Change of Control or (iii) authorizes the voluntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then the Company shall deliver to a holder a notice of such transaction at least 15 business days prior to the applicable record or effective date on which a person would need to hold Common Stock in order to participate in or vote with respect to such transaction; provided, however, that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be described in such notice.
(c) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 2 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 2, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.
 
3

(d) Treatment of Warrant upon a Change of Control.
(1) In the event of a Change of Control in which the consideration to be received by the Company’s stockholders consists solely of cash, solely of Marketable Securities (as defined below) or a combination of cash and Marketable Securities (a “ Cash/Public Change of Control ”), if this Warrant is outstanding upon the consummation of such Cash/Public Change of Control then (i) if the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock (as determined in accordance with Section 1(c)) is greater than the then applicable Exercise Price, this Warrant shall be deemed to be automatically exercised on a net exercise issue basis pursuant to Section 1(c) as of immediately prior to such Cash/Public Change of Control and (ii) if the Fair Market Value of one share of Common Stock (as determined in accordance with Section 1(c)) is less than or equal to the then applicable Exercise Price, this Warrant will expire immediately prior to the consummation of such Change of Control.
(2) If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, the Company consummates a Change of Control that is not a Cash/Public Change of Control, then a holder shall have the right thereafter to receive, upon exercise of this Warrant, the same amount and kind of securities, cash or property as it would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of such Change of Control if it had been, immediately prior to such Change of Control, a holder of the number of Warrant Shares then issuable upon exercise in full of this Warrant (the “ Alternate Consideration ”). The Company shall not effect any such Change of Control unless prior to or simultaneously with the consummation thereof, any successor to the Company, surviving entity or the corporation purchasing or otherwise acquiring such assets or other appropriate corporation or entity shall assume the obligation to deliver to the holder, such Alternate Consideration as, in accordance with the foregoing provisions, the holder may be entitled to purchase, and the other obligations under this Warrant.
(3) As used in this Warrant, a “Change of Control” shall mean (i) a merger or consolidation of the Company with another corporation (other than a merger effected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company), (ii) the sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposal of all or substantially all of the properties or assets or all or a majority of the outstanding voting shares of capital stock of the Company, (iii) a purchase, tender or exchange offer accepted by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting shares of capital stock of the Company, or (iv) a “person” or “group” (as these terms are used for purposes of Section 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”)) is or shall become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly at least a majority of the voting power of the capital stock of the Company.
(4) As used in this Warrant, “Marketable Securities” means securities meeting all of the following requirements: (i) the issuer thereof is then subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act, and is then current in its filing of all required reports and other information under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), and the Exchange Act; (ii) the class and series of shares or other
 
4

security of the issuer that would be received by the holder in connection with the Change of Control were the holder to exercise this Warrant on or prior to the closing thereof is then traded or quoted on a nationally recognized securities exchange, inter-dealer quotation system or over-the-counter market, and (iii) following the closing of such Change of Control, the holder would not be restricted from publicly re-selling all of the issuer’s shares and/or other securities that would be received by the holder in such Change of Control were the holder to exercise or convert this Warrant in full on or prior to the closing of such Change of Control, except to the extent that any such restriction (x) arises solely under federal or state securities laws, rules or regulations, and (y) does not extend beyond six months from the closing of such Change of Control.
2. NO FRACTIONAL SHARES. No fractional Warrant Shares or scrip representing fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of this Warrant. In lieu of any fractional shares which would otherwise be issuable, the Company shall pay cash equal to the product of such fraction multiplied by the Fair Market Value of one Warrant Share.
3. NO STOCKHOLDER RIGHTS. Until the exercise of this Warrant or any portion of this Warrant, the Purchaser shall not have, nor exercise, any rights as a stockholder of the Company (including without limitation the right to notification of stockholder meetings or the right to receive any notice or other communication concerning the business and affairs of the Company) except as provided in Section 9 below.
4. RESERVATION OF STOCK. The Company covenants that during the period this Warrant is exercisable, the Company will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock (or other securities, if applicable) to provide for the issuance of Warrant Shares (or other securities) upon the exercise of this Warrant.
5. MECHANICS OF EXERCISE.
(a) Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. This Warrant may be exercised by the holder hereof, in whole or in part, by the surrender of this Warrant and the Notice of Exercise attached hereto as  Exhibit A  duly completed and executed on behalf of the holder hereof, at the principal office of the Company together with payment in full of the Exercise Price (unless the Purchaser has elected to Net Exercise) then in effect with respect to the number of Warrant Shares as to which the Warrant is being exercised. This Warrant shall be deemed to have been exercised immediately prior to the close of business on the date of its surrender for exercise as provided above, and the person entitled to receive the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise shall be treated for all purposes as the holder of such shares of record as of the close of business on such date. Warrant Shares purchased hereunder shall be transmitted by the Company’s transfer agent to the holder by crediting the account of the holder’s prime broker with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the holder or (B) the shares are eligible for resale by the holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144, and otherwise by physical delivery to the address specified by the holder in the Notice of Exercise by the end of the day on the date that is three trading days from the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, surrender of this Warrant and
 
5

payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (unless exercised by means of a cashless exercise pursuant to Section 1(c). The Warrant Shares shall be deemed to have been issued, and the holder or any other person so designated to be named therein shall be deemed to have become a holder of record of such shares for all purposes, as of the date the Warrant has been exercised, with payment to the Company of the Exercise Price (or by Net Exercise) and all taxes required to be paid by the holder, if any, prior to the issuance of such shares, having been paid.
(b) Holder’s Exercise Limitations.1 A holder shall not have the right to exercise this Warrant, pursuant to Section 1 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the holder (together with the holder’s affiliates, and any other persons acting as a group together with the holder or any of the holder’s affiliates), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the holder and its affiliates shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the holder or any of its affiliates and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other convertible notes or convertible preferred stock or warrants) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the holder or any of its affiliates. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this section, beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the holder that the Company is not representing to the holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this section 5(b) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the holder together with any affiliates) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the holder together with any affiliates) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination and shall have no liability for exercise of the Warrant that are not in compliance with the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 5(b), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Company’s transfer agent setting forth the number of shares of

1 	Note to Form: This Section 5(b) will be included for all Purchasers other than Purchasers affiliated with New Enterprise Associates.	
 
6

Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written request of a holder, the Company shall within three trading days confirm in writing to the holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the holder or its affiliates since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The “ Beneficial Ownership Limitation ” shall be 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. Any such increase or decrease will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 5(b) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.
6. CERTIFICATE OF ADJUSTMENT. Whenever the Exercise Price or number or type of securities issuable upon exercise of this Warrant is adjusted, as herein provided, the Company shall, at its expense, promptly deliver to the Purchaser a certificate of an officer of the Company setting forth the nature of such adjustment and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment is based.
7. COMPLIANCE WITH SECURITIES LAWS.
(a) The Purchaser understands that this Warrant and the Warrant Shares are characterized as “restricted securities” under the federal securities laws inasmuch as they are being acquired from the Company in a transaction not involving a public offering and that under such laws and applicable regulations this Warrant and the Warrant Shares may be resold without registration under the Securities Act only in certain limited circumstances. In this connection, the Purchaser represents that it is familiar with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, as presently in effect, and understands the resale limitations imposed thereby and by the Securities Act.
(b) Prior and as a condition to the sale or transfer of the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant, the Purchaser shall furnish to the Company such certificates, representations, agreements and other information, including an opinion of counsel, as the Company or the Company’s transfer agent reasonably may require to confirm that such sale or transfer is being made pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act, unless such Warrant Shares are being sold or transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement.
(c) The Purchaser acknowledges that the Company may place a restrictive legend on the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in order to comply with applicable securities laws, unless such Warrant Shares are otherwise freely tradable under Rule 144 of the Securities Act.
8. REPLACEMENT OF WARRANTS. On receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant and, in the case of any
 
7

such loss, theft or destruction of this Warrant, on delivery of an indemnity agreement reasonably satisfactory in form and amount to the Company or, in the case of any such mutilation, on surrender and cancellation of such Warrant, the Company at its expense will execute and deliver, in lieu thereof, a new Warrant of like tenor.
9. NO IMPAIRMENT. Except to the extent as may be waived by the holder of this Warrant, the Company will not, by amendment of its charter or through a Change of Control, dissolution, sale of assets or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order to protect the rights of the Purchaser against impairment.
10. TRADING DAYS. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall be other than a day on which the Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market, or, if the Nasdaq Global Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Stock is then traded, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding day on which the Common Stock is so traded.
11. TRANSFERS; EXCHANGES. (a) Subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and Section 8 hereof, this Warrant may be transferred by the Purchaser with respect to any or all of the Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder. For a transfer of this Warrant as an entirety by Purchaser, upon surrender of this Warrant to the Company, together with the Notice of Assignment in the form attached hereto as  Exhibit B  duly completed and executed on behalf of the Purchaser, the Company shall issue a new Warrant of the same denomination to the assignee. For a transfer of this Warrant with respect to a portion of the Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder, upon surrender of this Warrant to the Company, together with the Notice of Assignment in the form attached hereto as  Exhibit B  duly completed and executed on behalf of the Purchaser, the Company shall issue a new Warrant to the assignee, in such denomination as shall be requested by the Purchaser, and shall issue to the Purchaser a new Warrant covering the number of shares in respect of which this Warrant shall not have been transferred.
(b) This Warrant is exchangeable, without expense, at the option of the Purchaser, upon presentation and surrender hereof to the Company for other warrants of different denominations entitling the holder thereof to purchase in the aggregate the same number of shares of Common Stock purchasable hereunder. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other warrants that carry the same rights upon presentation hereof at the principal office of the Company together with a written notice specifying the denominations in which new warrants are to be issued to the Purchaser and signed by the Purchaser hereof. The term “Warrants” as used herein includes any warrants into which this Warrant may be divided or exchanged.
12. MISCELLANEOUS. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of California, without the application of principles of conflicts of laws that would result in any law other than the laws of the State of California. All notices, requests, consents and other communications hereunder shall be in writing, shall be
 
8

sent by confirmed facsimile or electronic mail, or mailed by first-class registered or certified airmail, or nationally recognized overnight express courier, postage prepaid, and shall be deemed given when so sent in the case of facsimile or electronic mail transmission, or when so received in the case of mail or courier, and addressed as follows: (a) if to the Company, at 34175 Ardenwood Blvd., Fremont, California, Attention: Chief Executive Officer, Facsimile: (510) 745-0493, Email: mraab@ardelyx.com; with a copy to (which shall not constitute notice) Latham & Watkins LLP, 140 Scott Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025, Attention: Mark Roeder, Facsimile: (650) 463-2600, E-Mail: mark.roeder@lw.com and (b) if to the Purchaser, at such address or addresses (including copies to counsel) as may have been furnished by the Purchaser to the Company in writing. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision hereof shall in no way affect the validity or enforceability of any other provisions.
[Signature Page Follows]
 
9

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Common Stock Purchase Warrant is issued effective as of the date first set forth above.

ARDELYX, INC.	
 	 	
By:	 	 	
Name:	 	Michael Raab	
Title:	 	President and Chief Executive Officer	
Signature Page to Warrant No. 2015-[Warrnt No.]

EXHIBIT A
NOTICE OF INTENT TO EXERCISE
(To be signed only upon exercise of Warrant)
To: Ardelyx, Inc.
The undersigned, the Purchaser of the attached Warrant, hereby irrevocably elects to exercise the purchase right represented by such Warrant for, and to purchase thereunder,                                                         (                      ) shares of Common Stock of Ardelyx, Inc. and (choose one)
                         herewith makes payment of                                          Dollars ($            ) thereof
or
                          elects to Net Exercise the Warrant pursuant to Section 1(b)(2) thereof.
The undersigned requests that the certificates or book entry position evidencing the shares to be acquired pursuant to such exercise be issued in the name of, and delivered to                                                                                , whose address is
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                  .
By its signature below the undersigned hereby represents and warrants that it is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the attached Warrant as of the date hereof, including Section 9 thereof.
DATED:                             

(Signature must conform in all respects to name of the Purchaseras specified on the face of the Warrant)	

[Purchaser]	
Address:	 	 	

EXHIBIT B
NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT FORM
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, [Purchaser] (the “Assignor”) hereby sells, assigns and transfers all of the rights of the undersigned Assignor under the attached Warrant with respect to the number of shares of common stock of Ardelyx, Inc. (the “ Company ”) covered thereby set forth below, to the following “ Assignee ” and, in connection with such transfer, represents and warrants to the Company that the transfer is in compliance with Section 9 of the Warrant and applicable federal and state securities laws:

NAME OF ASSIGNEE	 	ADDRESS/FAX NUMBER	
 	 	
Number of shares:                                                                              	 	 	
 	 	
Dated:                                                                                                  	 	Signature:                                                                                  	
 	 	
 	 	Witness:                                                                                    	
ASSIGNEE ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The undersigned Assignee acknowledges that it has reviewed the attached Warrant and by its signature below it hereby represents and warrants that it is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Warrant as of the date hereof, including Section 9 thereof.

Signature:                                                                      	
 	
By:                                                                                 	
Its:                                                                                 	

Address:	

 	

Exhibit 5.1

 	 	140 Scott Drive
Menlo Park, California 94025
Tel: +1.650.328.4600 Fax: +1.650.463.2600
www.lw.com	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	
 	 	FIRM / AFFILIATE OFFICES	 	 	 	

July 13, 2015
 
Ardelyx, Inc.
34175 Ardenwood Blvd., Suite 200
Fremont, CA 94555	 	Abu Dhabi	 	Milan	 	 	 	
 	 	Barcelona	 	Moscow	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Beijing	 	Munich	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Boston	 	New Jersey	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Brussels	 	New York	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Century City	 	Orange County	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Chicago	 	Paris	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Doha	 	Riyadh	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Dubai	 	Rome	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Düsseldorf	 	San Diego	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Frankfurt	 	San Francisco	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Hamburg	 	Shanghai	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Hong Kong	 	Silicon Valley	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Houston	 	Singapore	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	London	 	Tokyo	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Los Angeles	 	Washington, D.C.	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	Madrid	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Re:   Ardelyx, Inc.	 	File No. 045630-0012	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special counsel to Ardelyx, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the resale from time to time by the selling stockholders named in the Registration Statement (as defined below) of up to 7,242,992 shares (the “ Shares ”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”), and 2,172,899 shares of Common Stock (the “ Warrant Shares ”) issuable upon exercise of warrants held by the selling stockholders (the “ Warrants ”). The Shares and Warrant Shares are included in a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) on July 13, 2015 (the “ Registration Statement ”). This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related prospectus (the “ Prospectus ”), other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Shares and Warrant Shares.
As such counsel, we have examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent, we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having independently verified such factual matters. We are opining herein as to General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and we express no opinion with respect to any other laws.
Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof, (a) the issue and sale of the Shares have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and the Shares are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and (b) when the Warrant Shares shall have been duly registered on the books of the transfer agent and registrar therefor in the name or on behalf of the purchasers, the issue and sale of the Warrant Shares have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and upon issuance, delivery and payment therefor in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. In rendering the foregoing opinion, we have assumed that the Company will comply with all applicable notice requirements regarding uncertificated shares provided in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

This opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm in the Prospectus under the heading “Validity of the Securities.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Latham & Watkins LLP

Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” in the Registration Statement (Form S-3) and related Prospectus of Ardelyx, Inc. for the registration of 9,415,891 shares of its common stock and to the incorporation by reference therein of our report dated March 5, 2015, with respect to the financial statements of Ardelyx, Inc. included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Redwood City, California
July 10, 2015

Exhibit 99.1
REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT
This Registration Rights Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of June 2, 2015, by and among Ardelyx, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and the investors signatory hereto (each a “ Purchaser ” and collectively, the “ Purchasers ”).
This Agreement is made pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2015, among the Company and the Purchasers (the “ Purchase Agreement ”).
NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and the Purchasers agree as follows:
1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein that are defined in the Purchase Agreement shall have the meanings given such terms in the Purchase Agreement. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the respective meanings set forth in this Section 1:
“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Advice” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 7(d).
“Control” (including the terms “controlling”, “controlled by” or “under common control with”) means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or any successor entity or entities, including, if applicable, the staff of the Commission.
“Common Stock” means the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.
“Effectiveness Date” means: (a) with respect to the Initial Registration Statement required to be filed hereunder, the 90 th  day following the Closing Date (or the 120 th  day following the Closing Date in the event the Initial Registration Statement is reviewed by the Commission), (b) with respect to any additional Registration Statements which may be required pursuant to Section 2, the 90 th  day following the date on which the Company first knows, or reasonably should have known, that such additional Registration Statement is required under such Section (or the 120 th  day following such date in the event such additional Registration Statement is reviewed by the Commission). If the Effectiveness Date falls on a Saturday, Sunday or other date that the Commission is closed for business, the Effectiveness Date shall be extended to the next day on which the Commission is open for business.
“Effectiveness Period” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a).

“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Filing Date” means: (a) with respect to the Initial Registration Statement, the 45th calendar day following the Closing Date, and (b) with respect to any additional Registration Statements that may be required pursuant to Section 2 hereof, the 45 th  day following the date on which the Company first knows, or reasonably should have known, that such additional Registration Statement is required under such Section.
“Holder” or “Holders” means the holder or holders, as the case may be, from time to time of Registrable Securities.
“Indemnified Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).
“Indemnifying Party” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(c).
“Initial Registration Statement” shall mean the initial Registration Statement required to be filed to cover the resale by the Holders of the Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 2(a).
“Losses” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6(a).
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
“Prospectus” means the prospectus included in a Registration Statement (including, without limitation, a prospectus that includes any information previously omitted from a prospectus filed as part of an effective registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A or Rule 430B promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act), as amended or supplemented by any prospectus supplement, with respect to the terms of the offering of any portion of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement, and all other amendments and supplements to the Prospectus, including post-effective amendments, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such Prospectus.
“Reduction Securities” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(b).
“Registrable Securities” means (i) the Shares issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, (ii) the Underlying Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants issued pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and (iii) any other shares of Common Stock issued as (or issuable upon conversion or exercise of any warrant, right or other security which is issued as) a dividend or other distribution with respect to, in exchange for or in replacement of the Shares or the Underlying Shares; provided,, however, that any such Registrable Securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities (and the Company shall not be required to maintain the effectiveness of any, or file another, Registration Statement hereunder with respect thereto) for so long as (a) a
 
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Registration Statement with respect to the sale of such Registrable Securities is declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act and such Registrable Securities have been disposed of by the Holder in accordance with such effective Registration Statement, (b) such Registrable Securities have been previously sold in accordance with Rule 144, or (c) such securities become eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions and without current public information pursuant to Rule 144 as set forth in a written opinion letter to such effect, addressed, delivered and acceptable to the Company’s transfer agent and the affected Holders (assuming that such securities and any securities issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange of which, or as a dividend upon which, such securities were issued or are issuable, were at no time held by any Affiliate of the Company), as reasonably determined by the Company, upon the advice of counsel to the Company.
“Registration Statement” means each of the following: (i) an initial registration statement which is required to register the resale of the Registrable Securities, and (ii) each additional registration statement, if any, contemplated by Section 2, and including, in each case, the Prospectus, amendments and supplements to each such registration statement or Prospectus, including pre- and post-effective amendments, all exhibits thereto, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such registration statement.
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.
“Rule 415” means Rule 415 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.
“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.
“Trading Day” means any day on which the Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market, or, if the Nasdaq Global Market is not the principal trading market for the Common Stock, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Stock is then traded.
“Transaction Documents” shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.
“Underlying Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.
“Warrants” shall have the meaning set forth in the Purchase Agreement.
 
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2. Registration.
(a) On or prior to each Filing Date, the Company shall prepare and file with the Commission a Registration Statement covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities that are not then registered on an existing and effective Registration Statement for an offering to be made on a continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415. The Registration Statement filed hereunder shall be on Form S-3 (except if the Company is not then eligible to register for resale the Registrable Securities on Form S-3, in which case such registration shall be on another appropriate form in accordance herewith) and shall contain (except if otherwise required pursuant to written comments received from the Commission upon a review of such Registration Statement) the “Plan of Distribution” in substantially the form attached hereto as  Annex A . The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause a Registration Statement filed under this Agreement to be declared effective under the Securities Act promptly but, in any event, no later than the Effectiveness Date for such Registration Statement, and shall, subject Section 7(d) hereof, use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep the Registration Statement continuously effective under the Securities Act until the earlier of (i) the date that is three years after the Closing Date and (ii) the date on which all securities under such Registration Statement have ceased to be Registrable Securities (the “ Effectiveness Period ”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall be entitled to suspend the effectiveness of the Registration Statement at any time prior to the expiration of the Effectiveness Period for up to an aggregate of 30 consecutive Trading Days or an aggregate of 60 Trading Days (which need not be consecutive) in any given 360-day period. It is agreed and understood that the Company shall, from time to time, be obligated to file one or more additional Registration Statements to cover any Registrable Securities which are not registered for resale pursuant to a pre-existing Registration Statement.
(b) Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, in the event that the Commission limits the amount of Registrable Securities that may be included and sold by Holders in any Registration Statement, including the Initial Registration Statement, pursuant to Rule 415 or any other basis, the Company may reduce the number of Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement on behalf of the Holders in whole or in part (in case of an exclusion as to a portion of such Registrable Securities, such portion shall be allocated pro rata among such Holders first in proportion to the respective numbers of Registrable Securities represented by Underlying Shares requested to be registered by each such Holder over the total amount of Registrable Securities represented by Underlying Shares, and second in proportion to the respective numbers of Registrable Securities represented by Shares requested to be registered by each such Holder over the total amount of Registrable Securities represented by Shares) (such Registrable Securities, the “ Reduction Securities ”). In such event the Company shall give the Holders prompt notice of the number of such Reduction Securities excluded and the Company will not be liable for any damages under this Agreement in connection with the exclusion of such Reduction Securities. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts at the first opportunity that is permitted by the Commission to register for resale the Reduction Securities. Such new Registration Statement shall be on Form S-3 (except if the Company is not then eligible to register for resale the Reduction Securities on Form S-3, in which case such registration shall be on another appropriate form for such purpose) and shall contain (except if otherwise required pursuant to written comments received from the Commission upon a review of such Registration Statement) the “Plan of Distribution” in substantially the form attached
 
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hereto as Annex A. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause each such Registration Statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act as soon as possible but, in any event, no later than the Effectiveness Date, and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep such Registration Statement continuously effective under the Securities Act during the entire Effectiveness Period, subject to Section 7(d) hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall be entitled to suspend the effectiveness of such Registration Statement at any time prior to the expiration of the Effectiveness Period for an aggregate of no more than 30 consecutive Trading Days or an aggregate of 50 Trading Days (which need not be consecutive) in any given 360-day period.
(c) If: (i) the Initial Registration Statement is not filed with the Commission on or prior to the Filing Date, (ii) the Initial Registration Statement is not declared effective by the Commission (or otherwise does not become effective) on or prior to the Effectiveness Date or (iii) after the date it is declared effective by the Commission and except as provided in Sections 2(e) and (f) and Section 3(h), (A) such Registration Statement ceases for any reason (including without limitation by reason of a stop order, or the Company’s failure to update the Registration Statement), to remain continuously effective as to all Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement or (B) the Holders are not permitted to utilize the Prospectus therein to resell such Registrable Securities for any reason (other than due to a change in the “Plan of Distribution” or the inaccuracy of any information regarding the Holders) in each case for more than an aggregate of thirty (30) consecutive Trading Days or sixty (60) Trading Days (which need not be consecutive) in any given 360-day period (other than as a result of a breach of this Agreement by such Holder), or (iv) the Company fails to satisfy the current public information requirement pursuant to Rule 144(c)(1) as a result of which the Holders who are not affiliates are unable to sell Registrable Securities without restriction under Rule 144 (or any successor thereto), (any such failure or breach in clauses (i) through (iv) above being referred to as an “Event,” and, for purposes of clauses (i), (ii) or (iv), the date on which such Event occurs, or for purposes of clause (iii), the date on which such thirty (30) or fifty (60) Trading Day period is exceeded, being referred to as an “Event Date”), then in addition to any other rights the Holders may have hereunder or under applicable law, on each such Event Date and on each monthly anniversary of each such Event Date (if the applicable Event shall not have been cured by such date) until the earlier of (1) the applicable Event is cured or (2) the Registrable Securities are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 without manner of sale or volume restrictions or the current public information requirement, the Company shall pay to each Holder an amount in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty (“ Liquidated Damages ”), equal to one percent (1%) of the aggregate purchase price paid by such Holder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement for any unregistered Registrable Securities then held by such Holder. The parties agree that (1) notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein or in the Purchase Agreement, no Liquidated Damages shall be payable with respect to any period after the expiration of the Effectiveness Period (except in respect of an Event described in Section 2(c)(iv) herein), (it being understood that this sentence shall not relieve the Company of any Liquidated Damages accruing prior to the Effectiveness Deadline) and in no event shall, the aggregate amount of Liquidated Damages (excluding Liquidated Damages payable in respect of an Event described in Section 2(c)(iv) herein) payable to a Holder exceed, in the aggregate, five percent (5%) of the aggregate purchase price paid by such Holder pursuant to the Purchase Agreement) and (2) in no event shall the Company be liable in any thirty (30) day period for Liquidated Damages under this Agreement in excess of one percent (1%) of the aggregate purchase price paid by the
 
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Holders pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. The Liquidated Damages pursuant to the terms hereof shall apply on a daily pro-rata basis for any portion of a month prior to the cure of an Event, except in the case of the first Event Date. The Company shall not be liable for Liquidated Damages under this Agreement as to any Registrable Securities which are not permitted by the Commission to be included in a Registration Statement. In such case, the Liquidated Damages shall be calculated to only apply to the percentage of Registrable Securities which are permitted to be included in such Registration Statement. The Effectiveness Deadline for a Registration Statement shall be extended without default or Liquidated Damages hereunder in the event that the Company’s failure to obtain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement on a timely basis results from the failure of a Purchaser to timely provide the Company with information requested by the Company and necessary to complete the Registration Statement in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act (in which the Effectiveness Deadline would be extended with respect to Registrable Securities held by such Purchaser).
3. Registration Procedures.
In connection with the Company’s registration obligations hereunder, the Company shall:
(a) Not less than three Trading Days prior to the filing of a Registration Statement or any related Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, the Company shall furnish to the Holders copies of all such documents proposed to be filed (other than those incorporated by reference). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be required to furnish to the Holders any prospectus supplement being prepared and filed solely to name new or additional selling securityholders unless such Holders are named in such prospectus supplement. In addition, in the event that any Registration Statement is on Form S-1 (or other form which does not permit incorporation by reference), the Company shall not be required to furnish to the Holders any prospectus supplement containing information included in a report or proxy statement filed under the Exchange Act that would be incorporated by reference in such Registration Statement if such Registration Statement were on Form S-3 (or other form which permits incorporation by reference). The Company shall duly consider any comments made by Holders and received by the Company not later than two Trading Days prior to the filing of the Registration Statement, but shall not be required to accept any such comments to which it reasonably objects.
(b) (i) Prepare and file with the Commission such amendments, including post-effective amendments, to each Registration Statement and the Prospectus used in connection therewith as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement continuously effective as to the applicable Registrable Securities for its Effectiveness Period and prepare and file with the Commission such additional Registration Statements in order to register for resale under the Securities Act all of the Registrable Securities; (ii) cause the related Prospectus to be amended or supplemented by any required Prospectus supplement, and as so supplemented or amended to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; (iii) respond as promptly as reasonably possible to any comments received from the Commission with respect to each Registration Statement or any amendment thereto and, as promptly as reasonably possible provide the Holders true and complete copies of all correspondence from and to the Commission relating to such Registration Statement that pertains to the Holders as Selling Stockholders but not any comments that would
 
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result in the disclosure to the Holders of material and non-public information concerning the Company; and (iv) comply in all material respects with the provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act with respect to the Registration Statements and the disposition of all Registrable Securities covered by each Registration Statement.
(c) Notify the Holders as promptly as reasonably possible (and, in the case of (i)(A) below, not less than three Trading Days prior to such filing) and (if requested by any such Person) confirm such notice in writing no later than one Trading Day following the day: (i)(A) when a Prospectus or any prospectus supplement (but only to the extent notice is required under Section 3(a) above) or post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement is proposed to be filed; (B) when the Commission notifies the Company whether there will be a “review” of such Registration Statement and whenever the Commission comments in writing on such Registration Statement (in which case the Company shall provide true and complete copies thereof and all written responses thereto to each of the Holders that pertain to the Holders as a Selling Stockholder or to the Plan of Distribution, but not information which the Company believes would constitute material and non-public information); and (C) with respect to each Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment, when the same has been declared effective; (ii) of any request by the Commission or any other Federal or state governmental authority for amendments or supplements to a Registration Statement or Prospectus or for additional information that pertains to the Holders as Selling Stockholders or the Plan of Distribution; (iii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement covering any or all of the Registrable Securities or the initiation of any Proceedings for that purpose; (iv) of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction, or the initiation or threatening of any Proceeding for such purpose; (v) of the occurrence of any event or passage of time that makes the financial statements included or incorporated by reference in a Registration Statement ineligible for inclusion or incorporation by reference therein or any statement made in such Registration Statement or Prospectus or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires any revisions to such Registration Statement, Prospectus or other documents so that, in the case of such Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be, it will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and (vi) of the occurrence or existence of any pending corporate development with respect to the Company that the Company believes may be material and that, in the determination of the Company, makes it not in the best interest of the Company to allow continued availability of a Registration Statement or Prospectus;  provided , that any and all of such information shall remain confidential to each Holder until such information otherwise becomes public, unless disclosure by a Holder is required by law;  provided ,  further , that notwithstanding each Holder’s agreement to keep such information confidential, each such Holder makes no acknowledgement that any such information is material, non-public information.
(d) Use its reasonable best efforts to avoid the issuance of, or, if issued, obtain the withdrawal of (i) any order suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement, or (ii) any suspension of the qualification (or exemption from qualification) of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction, at the earliest practicable moment.
 
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(e) Furnish to each Holder, without charge, at least one conformed copy of each Registration Statement and each amendment thereto and all exhibits to the extent reasonably requested by such Person (including those previously furnished or incorporated by reference) promptly after the filing of such documents with the Commission;  provided , that the Company shall have no obligation to provide any document pursuant to this clause that is available on the EDGAR system.
(f) Promptly deliver to each Holder, without charge, as many copies of each Prospectus or Prospectuses (including each form of prospectus) and each amendment or supplement thereto as such Persons may reasonably request. Subject to Section 7(d) hereof, the Company hereby consents to the use of such Prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto by each of the selling Holders in connection with the offering and sale of the Registrable Securities covered by such Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto.
(g) Prior to any public offering of Registrable Securities, use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify or cooperate with the selling Holders in connection with the registration or qualification (or exemption from such registration or qualification) of such Registrable Securities for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of those jurisdictions within the United States as any Holder reasonably requests in writing to keep each such registration or qualification (or exemption therefrom) effective during the Effectiveness Period and to do any and all other acts or things necessary or advisable to enable the disposition in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statements;  provided , that the Company shall not be required to qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it is not then so qualified or subject the Company to any material tax in any such jurisdiction where it is not then so subject.
(h) Cooperate with the Holders to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing Registrable Securities to be delivered to a transferee pursuant to the Registration Statements, which certificates shall be free, to the extent permitted by the Purchase Agreement, of all restrictive legends, and to enable such Registrable Securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as any such Holders may request.
(i) Upon the occurrence of any event contemplated by Section 3(c)(v), as promptly as reasonably possible, prepare a supplement or amendment, including a post-effective amendment, to the affected Registration Statements or a supplement to the related Prospectus or any document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference, and file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered, no Registration Statement nor any Prospectus will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(j) The Company may require each selling Holder to furnish to the Company a certified statement as to the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by such Holder and any Affiliate thereof, the natural persons thereof that have voting and dispositive control over the shares and any other information with respect to such Holder as the Commission requests.
 
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4. Holder’s Obligations. Each Holder agrees, by acquisition of the Registrable Securities, that no Holder shall be entitled to sell any of such Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement or to receive a Prospectus relating thereto, unless such Holder has furnished the Company with all material information required to be set forth in the Purchaser Questionnaire and Selling Stockholder Questionnaire pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. Any sale of any Registrable Securities by any Holder shall constitute a representation and warranty by such Holder that the information regarding such Holder is as set forth in the Prospectus delivered by such Holder in connection with such disposition, and that such Prospectus does not as of the time of such sale contain any untrue statement of a material fact regarding such Holder or omit to state any material fact regarding such Holder necessary to make the statements in such Prospectus, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, solely to the extent such facts are based upon information regarding such Holder furnished in writing to the Company by such Holder for use in such Prospectus.
5. Registration Expenses. All fees and expenses incident to the Company’s performance of or compliance with its obligations under this Agreement (excluding any underwriting discounts and selling commissions) shall be borne by the Company whether or not any Registrable Securities are sold pursuant to a Registration Statement. The fees and expenses referred to in the foregoing sentence shall include, without limitation, (i) all registration and filing fees (including, without limitation, fees and expenses (A) with respect to filings required to be made with the Principal Market on which the Common Stock is then listed for trading, and (B) in compliance with applicable state securities or Blue Sky laws), (ii) printing expenses (including, without limitation, expenses of printing certificates for Registrable Securities and of printing prospectuses if the printing of prospectuses is reasonably requested by the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities included in the Registration Statement), (iii) messenger, telephone and delivery expenses, (iv) reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, (v) reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Holders, in an amount not to exceed $35,000, (vi) Securities Act liability insurance, if the Company so desires such insurance, and (vii) reasonable fees and expenses of all other Persons retained by the Company in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. In addition, the Company shall be responsible for all of its internal expenses incurred in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (including, without limitation, all salaries and expenses of its officers and employees performing legal or accounting duties), the expense of any annual audit and the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Registrable Securities on any securities exchange as required hereunder. In no event shall the Company be responsible for any broker or similar commissions of any Holder or, except to the extent provided for in the Transaction Documents, any legal fees or other costs of the Holders.
6. Indemnification.
(a) Indemnification by the Company. The Company shall, notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, indemnify and hold harmless each Holder, the officers, directors, agents, partners, members, stockholders and employees of each Holder, each Person who controls any such Holder (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act) and the officers, directors, agents, partners, members, stockholders and employees of each such controlling Person, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, costs (including, without
 
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limitation, reasonable costs of preparation and reasonable attorneys’ fees) and expenses (collectively, “ Losses ”), as incurred, arising out of or relating to any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement, any Prospectus or any form of prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto (it being understood that the Holder has approved  Annex A  hereto for this purpose), or arising out of or relating to any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any Prospectus or form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, except to the extent, but only to the extent, that (1) such untrue statements, alleged untrue statements, omissions or alleged omissions are based solely upon information regarding such Holder furnished in writing to the Company by such Holder expressly for use therein, or to the extent that such information relates to such Holder or such Holder’s proposed method of distribution of Registrable Securities and was reviewed and expressly approved in writing by such Holder expressly for use in the Registration Statement, such Prospectus or such form of Prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto (it being understood that the Holder has approved  Annex A  hereto for this purpose) or (2) in the case of an occurrence of an event of the type specified in Section 3(c)(ii)-(v), the use by such Holder of an outdated or defective Prospectus after the Company has validly notified such Holder in writing (in accordance with Section 7(h) below) that the Prospectus is outdated or defective and prior to the receipt by such Holder of an Advice (as defined below) or an amended or supplemented Prospectus, but only if and to the extent that following the receipt of the Advice or the amended or supplemented Prospectus the misstatement or omission giving rise to such Loss would have been corrected. The Company shall notify the Holders promptly of the institution, threat or assertion of any Proceeding of which the Company is aware in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(b) Indemnification by Holders. Each Holder shall, notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, severally and not jointly, indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, officers, agents and employees, each Person who controls the Company (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, agents, partners, members, stockholders or employees of such controlling Persons, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against all Losses, as incurred, arising solely out of or based solely upon: (x) for so long as the Company is not a “ Seasoned Issuer ” and the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act apply to sales by such Holder, such Holder’s failure to comply with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act or (y) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement, any Prospectus, or any form of prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, or arising solely out of or based solely upon any omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of any Prospectus, or any form of prospectus or supplement thereto, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading to the extent, but only to the extent that, (1) such untrue statements or omissions are based solely upon information regarding such Holder furnished in writing to the Company by such Holder expressly for use therein, or to the extent that such information relates to such Holder or such Holder’s proposed method of distribution of Registrable Securities and was reviewed and expressly approved in writing by such Holder expressly for use in the Registration Statement, such Prospectus or such form of Prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto (it being understood that the Holder has approved Annex A hereto for this purpose) or (2) in the case of an occurrence of an event of the type specified in Section 3(c)(ii)-
 
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(v), the use by such Holder of an outdated or defective Prospectus after the Company has validly notified such Holder in writing (in accordance with Section 7(h) below) that the Prospectus is outdated or defective and prior to the receipt by such Holder of an Advice or an amended or supplemented Prospectus, but only if and to the extent that following the receipt of the Advice or the amended or supplemented Prospectus the misstatement or omission giving rise to such Loss would have been corrected. In no event shall the liability of any selling Holder hereunder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the net proceeds received by such Holder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities giving rise to such indemnification obligation.
(c) Conduct of Indemnification Proceedings. If any Proceeding shall be brought or asserted against any Person entitled to indemnity hereunder (an “ Indemnified Party ”), such Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the Person from whom indemnity is sought (the “ Indemnifying Party ”) in writing, and the Indemnifying Party shall assume the defense thereof, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and the payment of all fees and expenses incurred in connection with defense thereof; provided, that the failure of any Indemnified Party to give such notice shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations or liabilities pursuant to this Agreement, except (and only) to the extent that it shall be finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction (which determination is not subject to appeal or further review) that such failure shall have proximately and materially adversely prejudiced the Indemnifying Party.
An Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such Proceeding and to participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Party or Parties unless: (1) the Indemnifying Party has agreed in writing to pay such fees and expenses; (2) the Indemnifying Party shall have failed promptly to assume the defense of such Proceeding and to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Party in any such Proceeding; or (3) the named parties to any such Proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party, and such Indemnified Party shall have been advised by counsel that a conflict of interest is likely to exist if the same counsel were to represent such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party (in which case, if such Indemnified Party notifies the Indemnifying Party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume the defense thereof and such counsel shall be at the expense of the Indemnifying Party);  provided , that the Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys at any time for all Indemnified Parties pursuant to this Section 6(c). The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any such Proceeding effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, effect any settlement of any pending Proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is a party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding. Each Indemnified Party shall furnish such information regarding itself or the claim in question as an Indemnifying Party may reasonably request in writing and as shall be reasonably required in connection with defense of such claim and litigation resulting therefrom.
All fees and expenses of the Indemnified Party (including reasonable fees and expenses to the extent incurred in connection with investigating or preparing to defend such
 
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Proceeding in a manner not inconsistent with this Section) shall be paid to the Indemnified Party, as incurred, within ten Trading Days of written notice thereof to the Indemnifying Party (regardless of whether it is ultimately determined that an Indemnified Party is not entitled to indemnification hereunder; provided, that the Indemnifying Party may require such Indemnified Party to undertake to reimburse all such fees and expenses to the extent it is finally judicially determined that such Indemnified Party is not entitled to indemnification hereunder).
(d) Contribution. If a claim for indemnification under Section 6(a) or 6(b) is unavailable to an Indemnified Party (by reason of public policy or otherwise), then each Indemnifying Party, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such Losses, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the Indemnifying Party and Indemnified Party in connection with the actions, statements or omissions that resulted in such Losses as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of such Indemnifying Party and Indemnified Party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any action in question, including any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission of a material fact, has been taken or made by, or relates to information supplied by, such Indemnifying Party or Indemnified Party, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such action, statement or omission. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of any Losses shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 6(c), any reasonable attorneys’ or other reasonable fees or expenses incurred by such party in connection with any Proceeding to the extent such party would have been indemnified for such fees or expenses if the indemnification provided for in this Section was available to such party in accordance with its terms.
The parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 6(d) were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6(d), no Holder shall be required to contribute, in the aggregate, any amount in excess of the amount by which the proceeds actually received by such Holder from the sale of the Registrable Securities subject to the Proceeding exceeds the amount of any damages that such Holder has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section 6 are in addition to any liability that the Indemnifying Parties may have to the Indemnified Parties and are not in diminution or limitation of the indemnification provisions under the Purchase Agreement.
7. Miscellaneous.
(a) Remedies. In the event of a breach by the Company or by a Holder, of any of their obligations under this Agreement, each Holder or the Company, as the case may be, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law and under this Agreement,
 
12

including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Agreement. The Company and each Holder agree that monetary damages would not provide adequate compensation for any losses incurred by reason of a breach by it of any of the provisions of this Agreement and hereby further agree that, in the event of any action for specific performance in respect of such breach, it shall waive the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.
(b) Compliance. Each Holder covenants and agrees that it will comply with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act as applicable to it in connection with sales of Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement.
(c) Subsequent Registration Rights. Until the Initial Registration Statement required hereunder is declared effective by the Commission, the Company shall not enter into any agreement granting any registration rights with respect to any of its securities to any Person without the written consent of Holders representing no less than a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Securities;  provided , that this Section 7(c) shall not prohibit the Company from fulfilling its obligations under any other registration rights agreements existing as of the date hereof.
(d) Discontinued Disposition. Each Holder agrees by its acquisition of such Registrable Securities that, upon receipt of a notice from the Company of the occurrence of any event of the kind described in Section 3(c), such Holder will forthwith discontinue disposition of such Registrable Securities under the Registration Statement until such Holder’s receipt of the copies of the supplemented Prospectus and/or amended Registration Statement or until it is advised in writing (the “ Advice ”) by the Company that the use of the applicable Prospectus may be resumed, and, in either case, has received copies of any additional or supplemental filings that are incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in such Prospectus or Registration Statement. The Company may provide appropriate stop orders to enforce the provisions of this paragraph.
(e) Furnishing of Information. Each Holder shall furnish in writing to the Company such information regarding itself, the Registrable Securities held by it and the intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities held by it, as shall be reasonably requested by the Company to effect the registration of such Registrable Securities and shall execute such documents in connection with such registration as the Company may reasonably request.
(f) Piggy-Back Registrations. If at any time during the Effectiveness Period, except as contemplated by Section 2(b) hereof, there is not an effective Registration Statement covering all of the Registrable Securities and the Company shall determine to prepare and file with the Commission a registration statement relating to an offering for its own account or the account of others under the Securities Act of any of its equity securities, other than on Form S-4 or Form S-8 (each as promulgated under the Securities Act) or their then equivalents relating to equity securities to be issued solely in connection with any acquisition of any entity or business or equity securities issuable in connection with the stock option or other employee benefit plans, then the Company shall send to each Holder a written notice of such determination and, if within 15 days after the date of such notice, any such Holder shall so request in writing, the Company shall include in such registration statement all or any part of such Registrable Securities such
 
13

Holder requests to be registered; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to register any Registrable Securities pursuant to this Section 7(f) that are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act without volume limitation or that are the subject of a then effective Registration Statement;  provided ,  further ,  however , if there is not an effective Registration Statement covering all of the Registrable Securities during the Effectiveness Period, the Company may file a registration statement with the Commission to register equity securities of the Company to be sold on a primary basis, provided that the Company does not sell any such shares until there is an effective Registration Statement covering all of the Registrable Securities. The Company shall have the right to terminate or withdraw any registration initiated by it under this Section 7(f) prior to the effectiveness of such registration whether or not any Holder has elected to include securities in such registration.
(g) Amendments and Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended except in a written instrument signed by the Company and the Holder or Holders (as applicable) of no less than a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Securities. The Company shall provide prior notice to all Holders of any proposed waiver or amendment. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of either party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.
(i) Termination of Registration Rights. For the avoidance of doubt, it is expressly agreed and understood that (i) in the event that there are no Registrable Securities outstanding as of a Filing Date, then the Company shall have no obligation to file, caused to be declared effective or to keep effective any Registration Statement hereunder (including any Registration Statement previously filed pursuant to this Agreement) and (ii) all registration rights granted to the Holders hereunder (including the rights set forth in Sections 7(c) and 7(f)), shall terminate in their entirety effective on the first date on which there shall cease to be any Registrable Securities outstanding. If not previously terminated pursuant to the foregoing sentence, it is expressly agreed and understood that all registration rights granted to the Holder pursuant to this Agreement shall terminate as to the Holder on the earlier of (a) such time following the date that is five (5) years following the date of this Agreement that the Holders own in the aggregate less than 25% of the number of Registrable Securities that the Holders owned in the aggregate as of the date hereof (as adjusted for stock splits, combinations, dividends, recapitalizations and the like) and (b) the date that is ten (10) years following the date of this Agreement.
(h) Notices. All notices, requests, consents and other communications hereunder shall be in writing, shall be sent by confirmed facsimile or electronic mail, or mailed by first-class registered or certified airmail, or nationally recognized overnight express courier, postage prepaid, and shall be deemed given when so sent in the case of facsimile or electronic mail transmission, or when so received in the case of mail or courier, and addressed as follows:
if to the Company, to:
Ardelyx, Inc.
34175 Ardenwood Blvd.
 
14

Fremont, California
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
Facsimile: (510) 745-0493
E-Mail: mraab@ardelyx.com
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Latham & Watkins LLP
140 Scott Drive
Menlo Park, California 94025
Attention: Mark Roeder
Facsimile: (650) 463-2600
E-Mail: mark.roeder@lw.com

If to a Purchaser:	 	To the address set forth under such Purchaser’s name on the signature pages hereto	
 	 	
If to any other Person who is then the registered Holder:	 	To the address of such Holder as it appears in the stock transfer books of the Company	
or such other address as may be designated in writing hereafter, in the same manner, by such Person.
(i) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of each of the parties and shall inure to the benefit of each Holder. Each Holder may assign its respective rights hereunder in the manner and to the Persons as permitted under the Purchase Agreement.
(j) Execution and Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission, such signature shall create a valid binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) the same with the same force and effect as if such facsimile signature were the original thereof.
(k) Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of California, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of San Francisco. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of San
 
15

Francisco for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.
(l) Cumulative Remedies. The remedies provided herein are cumulative and not exclusive of any remedies provided by law.
(m) Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their reasonable best efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
(n) Use of Terms. The parties agree and acknowledge that when, in this Agreement, the Company is required to use its reasonable best efforts to perform any covenant under this Agreement, such requirement shall not obligate the Company, in the reasonable judgment of the disinterested members of its Board of Directors, to perform any act that will have a material adverse effect on the Company.
(o) Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.
(p) Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser hereunder is several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser hereunder, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser hereunder. The decision of each Purchaser to purchase Securities pursuant to the Transaction Documents has been made independently of any other Purchaser. Nothing contained herein or in any other agreement or document delivered at any closing, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Each Purchaser acknowledges that no other Purchaser has acted as agent for such Purchaser in connection with making its investment hereunder and that no Purchaser will be acting as agent of such Purchaser
 
16

in connection with monitoring its investment in the Securities or enforcing its rights under the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to protect and enforce its rights, including without limitation the rights arising out of this Agreement, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose.
 
17

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Registration Rights Agreement as of the date first written above.

ARDELYX, INC.	
 	 	
By:	 	/s/ Michael Raab	
Name: Michael Raab	
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	New Enterprise Associates 12,
Limited Partnership	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Louis S. Citron	
 	 	Name:	 	Louis S. Citron	
 	 	Title:	 	Chief Legal Officer	
 	 	Address:	 	c/o New Enterprise Associates	
 	 	 	 	1954 Greenspring Drive, Suite 600	
 	 	 	 	Timonium, MD 21093	
 	 	Fax:	 	410-842-4115	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	NEA 15 Opportunity Fund, L.P.	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Louis S. Citron	
 	 	Name:	 	Louis S. Citron	
 	 	Title:	 	Chief Legal Officer	
 	 	Address:	 	c/o New Enterprise Associates	
 	 	 	 	1954 Greenspring Drive, Suite 600	
 	 	 	 	Timonium, MD 21093	
 	 	Fax:	 	410-842-4115	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	New Enterprise Associates 15, L.P.	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Louis S. Citron	
 	 	Name:	 	Louis S. Citron	
 	 	Title:	 	Chief Legal Officer	
 	 	Address:	 	c/o New Enterprise Associates	
 	 	 	 	1954 Greenspring Drive, Suite 600	
 	 	 	 	Timonium, MD 21093	
 	 	Fax:	 	410-842-4115	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	RA CAPITAL HEALTHCARE FUND, L.P.	
 	 	
 	 	By: RA Capital Management, LLC	
 	 	Its: General Partner	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Rajeev Shah	
 	 	Name:	 	Rajeev Shah	
 	 	Title:	 	Authorized Signatory	
 	 	Address:	 	20 Park Plaza	
 	 	 	 	Suite 1200	
 	 	 	 	Boston, MA 02116	
 	 	Fax:	 	 	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	Blackwell Partners LLC - Series A	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Eric M. Koehrsen /s/ Jannine Lall	
 	 	Name:	 	Eric M. Koehrsen/ Jannine Lall	
 	 	Title:	 	Authorized Signatory/ Authorized Signatory	
 	 	Address:	 	280 S. Mangum Street, Suite 210	
 	 	 	 	Durham, NC 27701	
 	 	Fax:	 	919-668-9926	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	FORESITE CAPITAL FUND II, LP	
 	 	
 	 	by: FORESITE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT II, LLC,	
 	 	General Partner	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Dennis D. Ryan	
 	 	Name:	 	Dennis D. Ryan	
 	 	Title:	 	CFO	
 	 	Address:	 	101 California Street, Suite 4100	
 	 	 	 	San Francisco, CA 94111	
 	 	Fax:	 	(530) 787-3805	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	 	 	Broadfin Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd.	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Jason Abrams	
 	 	Name:	 	Jason Abrams	
 	 	Title:	 	CFO	
 	 	Address:	 	300 Park Avenue, 25 Floor	
 	 	 	 	New York, NY 10022	
 	 	Fax:	 	212-808-2464	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	ROCK SPRINGS CAPITAL MASTER FUND LP	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	Rock Springs GP LLC	
 	 	Its:	 	General Partner	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Graham McPhail	
 	 	Name:	 	Graham McPhail	
 	 	Title:	 	Managing Director	
 	 	Address:	 	Rock Springs Capital	
 	 	 	 	650 S. Exeter St., Suite 1070	
 	 	 	 	Baltimore, MD 21202	
 	 	Fax:	 	410-220-0144	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	Cormorant Global Healthcare Master Fund, LP	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Jay Scollins	
 	 	Name:	 	Jay Scollins	
 	 	Title:	 	CFO/COO	
 	 	Address:	 	200 Clarendon Street 52nd Fl	
 	 	 	 	Boston, MA 02116	
 	 	Fax:	 	 	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	Sabby Healthcare Master Fund, Ltd.	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Robert Grundstein	
 	 	Name:	 	Robert Grundstein	
 	 	Title:	 	COO of Investment Management	
 	 	Address:	 	c/o Sabby Management, LLC	
 	 	 	 	10 Mountainview Road, Suite 205	
 	 	 	 	Upper Saddle River, NJ 27458	
 	 	Fax:	 	 	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

 	 	 	 	 	
PURCHASERS:	 	 	 	 	
 	 	 	
 	 	By:	 	/s/ Peter Schultz	
 	 	Name:	 	Peter Schultz	
 	 	Title:	 	Professor	
 	 	Address:	 	 	
 	 	Fax:	 	858-242-1001	
Signature Pages to Registration Rights Agreement

ANNEX A
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The selling stockholders and any of their pledgees, donees, transferees, assignees or other successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any or all of their shares of common stock or interests in shares of common stock on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These dispositions may be at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market price, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. The selling stockholders may use one or more of the following methods when disposing of the shares or interests therein:
 
 	•	 	ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;	
 
 	•	 	block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;	
 
 	•	 	through brokers, dealers or underwriters that may act solely as agents;	
 
 	•	 	purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;	
 
 	•	 	an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;	
 
 	•	 	privately negotiated transactions;	
 
 	•	 	through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions entered into after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;	
 
 	•	 	broker-dealers may agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;	
 
 	•	 	a combination of any such methods of disposition; and	
 
 	•	 	any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.	
The selling stockholders may also sell shares under Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus.
Broker-dealers engaged by the selling stockholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling stockholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated. The selling stockholders do not expect these commissions and discounts to exceed what is customary in the types of transactions involved.

The selling stockholders may from time to time pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the shares of common stock owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell shares of common stock from time to time under this prospectus, or under a supplement or amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act amending the list of selling stockholders to include the pledgee, transferee or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under this prospectus.
Upon being notified in writing by a selling stockholder that any material arrangement has been entered into with a broker-dealer for the sale of common stock through a block trade, special offering, exchange distribution or secondary distribution or a purchase by a broker or dealer, we will file a supplement to this prospectus, if required, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, disclosing (i) the name of each such selling stockholder and of the participating broker-dealer(s), (ii) the number of shares involved, (iii) the price at which such shares of common stock were sold, (iv) the commissions paid or discounts or concessions allowed to such broker-dealer(s), where applicable, (v) that such broker-dealer(s) did not conduct any investigation to verify the information set out or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and (vi) other facts material to the transaction. In addition, upon being notified in writing by a selling stockholder that a donee or pledge intends to sell more than 500 shares of common stock, we will file a supplement to this prospectus if then required in accordance with applicable securities law.
The selling stockholders also may transfer the shares of common stock in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.
In connection with the sale of the shares of common stock or interests in shares of common stock, the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the common stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling stockholders may also sell shares of common stock short after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The selling stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).
The selling stockholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the shares may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of the Securities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. The maximum commission or discount to be received by any member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) or independent broker-dealer will not be greater than 8% of the initial gross proceeds from the sale of any security being sold.

We have advised the selling stockholders that they are required to comply with Regulation M promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act during such time as they may be engaged in a distribution of the shares. The foregoing may affect the marketability of the common stock.
The aggregate proceeds to the selling securityholders from the sale of the common stock offered by them will be the purchase price of the common stock less discounts or commissions, if any. Each of the selling securityholders reserves the right to accept and, together with their agents from time to time, to reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of common stock to be made directly or through agents. We will not receive any of the proceeds from this offering.
We are required to pay all fees and expenses incident to the registration of the shares. We have agreed to indemnify the selling stockholders against certain losses, claims, damages and liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act or otherwise.
We have agreed with the selling stockholders to keep the registration statement of which this prospectus constitutes a part effective until the earlier of (a) such time as all of the shares covered by this prospectus have been disposed of pursuant to and in accordance with the registration statement or (b) the date on which the shares of common stock covered by this prospectus may be sold by non-affiliates without any volume limitations or pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act.